index

2024-03-15

IADB analysis:
- Make a simulation to assess which weighting method suits the dataset \(\to\) Per discussion with Spyros:
  - Baseline: Unregularized matrix of number of claims
  - Weight 1: \(\frac{1}{k} \left( \frac{n_i}{DDD_i} + \frac{n_j}{DDD_j} \right); k \in \{1, ..., 9\}\)
  - Weight 2: \(\frac{1}{k} \left( \frac{n_i + n_j}{DDD_i + DDD_j} \right); k \in \{1, ..., 9\}\)
- Continue the analysis plan:
  - Find the best-fitting model for each series
  - Conduct an interrupted time-series analysis
  - Fit a VAR model for eigenvector centrality and the number of claim
- Consider fitting an exponential random graph model to temporal graphs of co-medication
Prepare the document for the 9-month interview
Recheck the TSP and review the thesis component
Determine how to outline the thesis

2024-03-13

Discussion with Prof. Eelko:
- Ensure that the query is well controlled \(\to\) No growing/shrinking population
- The data should reflect a static cohort from 2018 to 2022
- Subset the patient to only include DDD = 1
Need to think more about why regularize against DDD

2024-03-07

Discussion with Prof. Frederike:
- Prepare a slide outlining my plan
- Use some parts from proposal presentation
- Emphasize how these projects will go inline
- Main goal: Implementing ABM to measure the cost-effectiveness of public health policy related to mental resilience
Survey:
- Further correspondence
ISPOR: Think more about what to achieve in two years
ABM:
- Check out courses on health economics \(\to\) Usually starts in Autumn
- Mastricht/Rotterdam might have a course on modelling with R \(\to\) Contact Jinjing Fu

2024-03-05

Visit https://brightspace.rug.nl/ to access learning materials
Questions to ask to students:
- How do you calculate the cost?
- What does the histogram imply?
Scoring:
- Prof. Talitha will send an example of well-written report
- Score the essay using a rubrik/standardized grading form
Every group will handle two excel files for QALY and pain score

2024-02-29

Produce diagnostic plot of eigentriple plot from SSA
Schedule a meeting with Prof. Frederike
Prepare a short slide containing:
- Updated research questions
- Brief on methods
- Diagnostic plots
- Preliminary results
Check out TRIMBOS NEMESIS \(\to\) They use CIDI in Netherlands

2024-02-16

Add weekly aggregate of sociodemographic data as a covariate when performing further modelling, discuss it with Jens:
- Age
- Sex (ratio of male:female)
Draft a analytic plan for modelling:
- Model selection phase
- Interrupted time series analysis
- Vector autoregression between eigenvector centrality and number of claims
Allocate at least one day to revisit the draft on umbrella review
Plan a meeting with Jens and Prof. Frederike

2024-02-09

Umbrella review:
- Need to add explanation on the methods
- Add a section on data analysis
- Elaborate how to explain the data
- Check out on the risk of bias (Egger’s test) \(\to\) Consider to remove it
- Add line of expected prevalence to the figure
Medication trend:
- Add the method section and elaborate in full extend what I did
- Sent the report summary to Jens and Frederike

2024-01-31

Plan a regular meeting with Prof. Frederike, preferably biweekly \(\to\) Joint meeting with Prof. Talitha
Communicate results in a general context, avoid technical jargon if possible
Keep the main objectives in check
Consult to experts before submitting a paper
Ask Taichi about pint of science
Find about science communication at https://europa.eu/

2024-01-26

Consider using policies/events during COVID-19 pandemic as exogenous regressors
Contact people from Econometrics and Operations Research group
Have a discussion with Irene

2024-01-19

Ask the secretary (Vicky) for the UMCG card
Reschedule the 6-mo interview with Prof. Frederike and Prof. Talitha
Share link about Git course to Prof. Talitha
Discuss about time-series analysis with other PhD students/Post-docs
Dutch’s PhD conference in mental health

2024-01-15

Preparation for 6-mo interview
Suggestions from the presentation:
- Definition on resilience is important, keep it that way
- Use only conceptual framework for RUG intro essay, no need for theoretical framework
- Describe a bit about medication use in mental health issue, e.g. how it impacts resilience
When planning the survey:
- Consult to Prof. Mirra and Prof. Frederike
- Need: Face validity, pilot study, dissemination
- Plan for the proposal defense by the EOY
- Include more variables relevant to ABM
- Set the deadline when the ethical clearance should be submitted
Scoping review:
- Expedite the bibliometrix analysis
- Start searching and reading
IADB analyis: Should be finished by the EOM in April
Conferences to check:
- IHEA: https://healtheconomics.org/events
- InaHTA
- EuroHEA
- ISPOR
- HTEA
- SMDM

2023-12-14

Prof. Talitha will join the pre-proposal defense on the 20th of December 2023
Input for proposal:
- Will be commented on Saturday
- Figures: Clarify how medication affect resilience
IADB TS:
- Use monthly data to evaluate periodicity
- Explore periodicity in first-order differenced data

2023-12-07

Split dataset into training and testing
Evaluate metrics based on https://stats.stackexchange.com/a/418386
- Mean Error, Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Squared Error
- Mean Percentage Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Mean Absolute Scaled Error
- Autocorrelation of errors at lag 1
Check literatures on time-series analysis for medication claim/prescription data
Ask Stijn about temporal network analysis
Make a different descriptive plot:
- Y axis: Metrics
- X axis: Jan - Dec
- Color: Year
- Circular histogram plot for each year

2023-12-01

IADB medication claim time-series analysis:
- Hypothesis: High eigenvector centrality in medication with low claim
- Need people familiar with time-series analysis as a co-author
- Create a circular histogram
- Email Guiling to confirm her findings
- Use causal inference method to get counterfactual trend
- Find diagnostic measures
- Network analysis:
  - Find methods to evaluate network evolution
  - Do a subset analysis on psychopharmaca
Contact the principal investigator from SEARO WMH Consortium
Complete the six-month interview document and send it to Prof. Talitha

2023-11-23

See the decomposition per claim and per patient as well
For time-series analysis, we will need other people knowledgeable in this field to check on our data \(\to\) Check with Sumayra
Contact Hao to plan a meeting on discussing ISPOR student chapter RUG

2023-11-20

Survey \(\to\) Involve dr. Fidiansyah
Proposal should be submitted before December
Proposal defense:
- Prof. Mako
- Prof. Talitha
- dr. Irmansyah
- dr. Nugroho Harry Santoso
- Pak Yahya Umar
- Prof. Besral
Add a qualitative approach in methods:
- FGD: 8-12 people per group \(\to\) Number of groups depends on the demography
- Semi-structured in-depth interview with community leaders

2023-11-16

Will have a meeting with Prof. Mako on Sunday: Discuss the possibility of connecting with dr. Irmansyah
Business generator team in RUG: https://www.businessgeneratorgroningen.com/
ISPOR student chapter \(\to\) It’s possible to do it in RUG
Prepare for next week:
- Data management plan \(\to\) Check the template in RUG’s website: https://www.rug.nl/research/grip/research/griprdmp
- Checklist for 6-month meeting

2023-11-09

Bibliometrics analysis and scoping review:
- Continue on reading about the Bradford’s law and Lotka’s coefficient
- Determine how bibliometrics analysis can help the scoping review
- Communicate with the librarian on how to perform search for scoping review
Discuss with Prof. Mako:
- How to get it touch with dr. Firmansyah, or potentially with the MoH
- What to report during the bimonthly meeting

2023-10-26

Double-doctorate programme:
- Confirm to dr. Indri when the MOU between RUG and UI will end
- Send full contact information to Prof. Talitha
Ask: Access to World Mental Health survey data and CIDI results
- CIDI: https://medicine.yale.edu/intmed/vacs/instruments/cidi_lifetime_paper_version_who-1_3299_284_639_v1.pdf
- Netherlands participation via ESEMeD (https://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/wmh/participating_collaborators.php):
  - Peter de Jonge, PhD - Principal Investigator, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
  - Margreet ten Have, PhD - Principal Investigator, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute)
  - Pim Cuijpers, PhD, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
  - Johan Ormel, PhD, University of Groningen, Netherlands
  - Ron de Graaf, PhD, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute)
- Advantages of conducting WMH survey: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/3E80691DB1C878C85779756486267C56/S1121189X00004395a.pdf/the-world-health-organization-world-mental-health-survey-initiative.pdf
- Further contact:
  - South East Asia Regional Office (SEARO)
    - William G. Axinn, PhD - Principal Investigator, University of Michigan
    - Dirgha Ghimire, PhD - Principal Investigator, University of Michigan
  - Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO) \(\to\) Regional coordinator: Kate Scott, PhD, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) data access: https://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs/ncs_data.php
Meeting preparation:
- Contact dr. Frederike about the plan of joining WHO WMH survey

2023-10-19

Umbrella review:
- Intended message: Raising awareness of depression in T2DM patients
- Discuss about what figures to include in the main manuscript and supplementary
  - World Health Bulletin
  - Lancet Global Health
- Should focus more on the diabetes rather than the depression
- Discuss which journal to submit
- Results:
  - Create a footnote on the first table: Difference in reanalysis may be due to difference in selection
  - Explaining the meta-regression:
    - Change the reference into Americas (region) and others (instrument)
    - Add the reference to the table
    - Narratively explain how to read the table, give an example
- Discussion:
  - Potentially need to discuss why the results are different
Scoping review:
- Database to use: PsychLit, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science
Need to converge the methods for all planned studies
Prepare for 6-month interview, talk about it in the first meeting with Prof. Mako

2023-10-12

Meeting with Prof. Mako: 27 Oct 2023, 16.00 GMT+7 (09.00 GMT+2)
Create a time table for the discussion with Prof. Mako and Dr. Frederike \(\to\) Plan the minutes of meeting
Propose:
- Prioritize bibliometrics analysis \(\to\) Target: journal submission by December, this will also help my introductory essay
- Expect delays on analysis of IADB data \(\to\) Still need one more week to breakdown the toolbox query, will contact Jens to schedule a meeting tomorrow EOD
- Scoping review following bibliometrics analysis
Slide:
- Speech is ok, but slide is too fast
- Keep the point you’d like to discuss as the main focus of the slide
Hanneke from RIVM creates a scoping review on system dynamic model in healthcare \(\to\) In the later phase of my scoping review, I should consider having an FGD with RIVM team
Umbrella review:
- Preserve the outliers when analyzing the data
- Create a pairplot and do descriptive analysis from data with preserved outliers:
  - Variables:
    - IV: Prevalence
    - DV: Year of publication, region, and psychometric instrument
- When fitting metaregression: Set region, year of publication, and psychometric instrument as covariates
- Consider extracting the dataset and perform clustering analysis

2023-10-05

Umbrella review:
- Do not remove outliers
- Use GBD data to calculate the relative risk of having depression in T2DM
- Complete the data analysis sub-section in the manuscript
- Storytelling:
  - Do umbrella review on 23 studies \(\to\) Fetch all the primary studies
  - Redo meta-analysis, see that the variance is too high
  - We attempted to explain the variance \(\to\) Subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression
  - The heterogeneity is 2% explained by year, meaning that overtime the prevalence of depression is increasing among T2DM patients
  - Interestingly, the GBD data shows that MDD prevalence stays the same while T2DM is increasing overtime
  - The increasing MDD prevalence in T2DM might be explained by T2DM
  - Data from GBD also shows increasing risk of depression in T2DM patients
IADB:
- Continue breaking down the source codes
- Plan a meeting with Talitha and Jens

2023-09-29

Meeting with Prof. Mako should be rescheduled to 20 or 27 October
Umbrella review:
- Anomaly detection:
  - Instead of removing the outliers based on 95% CI, it’s better to apply outlier detection algorithm
  - Use IQR as a criteria
  - Span the results based on year, do a five-year rolling window
- Metaregression:
  - Standardize the covariance, they should have the same range
  - Year: Set the smallest value of year as an index year
  - Experimental model: Fit a model without \(\beta_0\)
  - Addressed concerns:
    - Pooling of proportion from all entries:
      - Do we really want to pool over all studies? That is, do we think we can find a single estimate of the prevalence of MDD in T2DM that would be relevant worldwide and irrespective of outcome or time.
      - Maybe here the proportion as a measure of prevalence differs from an effect measure, where you may reasonably assume it to be independent of setting in principle.
      - Maybe when we combine all the 634 studies, this gives us the global average, which of course reflects a lot of heterogeneity (as we may expres by presenting a histogram). We should then ensure not to take more than one proportion from each study. (so it will be less than 634).
      - Maybe that is more relevant than taking only the studies that are closest together (to avoid heterogeneity). Since we do expect and understand heterogeneity.
    - Subgroup analysis:
      - Do we indeed expect that once we concentrate on country, we can expect to pool? I would be inclined to think so, but as you show, also time, outcome measure and maybe more do matter.
      - So question: Once you stratify by country: can we combine studies into a setting specific average? Is homogeneity sufficient? If not, does it make sense to select studies based on being no outlier? Or would it be more appropriate to further stratify for factors that will explain heterogeneity, like time of study and outcome measure?
    - Next approach to explore:
      - About the pooling. Another factor that could explain heterogeneity is underlying prevalence of MDD and of T2DM.
      - Next to outcome measure, that may also be a matter of risk profile of the population (e.g. obesitas).
      - So could you and Nora also find the expected prevalence (by country/by time), based on published prevalence estimates of MDD and of T2DM (using GBD, WHO, OECD or IHME published numbers, whatever is most clear and consistent); calculate the expected proportion of MDD in T2DM based on such prevalences and then start doing the meta-regression on the remainder (So the additional prevalence of MDD over what you may expect) or maybe on the RR (the crude proportion divided by the expected proportion) or Odds Ratio.
      - Possibly this latter measure is one that you may expect to be the same irrespective of time or setting more reasonably, since it is more of an effect measure (the effect of T2DM on MDD risk). So then it becomes more reasonable to use established methods of meta-regression packages, which were initially developed for pooling effect measures.
      - For the analysis of the observed proportions, I think it is mostly the heterogeneity that you need to show in the results: SO how this varies indeed by country (a map would be great), by outcome measure etc.
      - If you take more than one outcome per study, how could you take account of the dependence these will have? Multilevel analysis an option? Or using clustered standard errors??
- Analyzing RR:
  - Get the prevalence of MDD in the general population based on year and/or country \(\to\) Check GBD or IHME
  - RR = Prevalence of MDD in T2DM, as reported, divided by the prevalence of MDD in the general population
  - Compare the RR for each subgroup
- Bayesian meta-analysis:
  - Use half-cauchy distribution as a prior for SE
  - Use beta distribution as a prior for the proportion
IADB:
- Breakdown the toolbox, check what each lines do
- Formulate questions to discuss with Jens
Check courses for meta-regression

2023-09-23

Umbrella review:
- Might need to redo the analysis
- To discuss with Katja and Nora:
  - Pros and cons of the current approach
  - Discuss about multiple entries
- Discuss with Xinyu regarding meta-regression done by the mathematician in RUG:
  - Comparison of methods and packages to conduct metaregression
  - How to handle logit transformation
IADB data:
- Recheck the use of persistence toolbox \(\to\) Combine parts of the code to my query
- Change the overlap query into weekly basis
- Check what we know about concurrent medication uses before and during the pandemic
Scoping review:
- Use multiple search to address:
  - Stressors, self perception, and resilience
  - Medication/policy and resilience
  - Resilience and psychological outcomes
- Check PRISMA guideline on selecting articles for a scoping review
- Perform bibliometrics analysis to narrow down the search
- Need to create a clear selection criteria
- Have a discussion with Frederike Jorg/librarian about the search strategy
- Check on published articles using scoping review to investigate psychological disorders:
  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004177
  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110111

2023-09-19

Do monthly meeting with Prof. Talitha and Assoc. Prof. Frederika Jorg on Tuesday/Thursday
Bimonthly meeting should involve Prof. Mako
Umbrella review:
- Create a flow diagram of data management
- Describe what kind of study is being discarded
- Merge Korea with South Korea when cleaning the dataset
- Merge Arab Saudi with Saudi Arabia
- Merge Maryland with USA
- In EDA, arrange the self-report instrument together
- Subgroup analysis for the incl_year
- Search for metaregression for prevalence
- Share the paper about prediction interval (from meta) and I2 to Prof. Talitha

2023-09-07

Course to take: https://cursus1.webhosting.rug.nl/gsms/course-information/?tx_seminars_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=1675
IADB data:
- Need to perform descriptive statistics
- Tinker the SQL code from IADB toolbox for
Research proposal:
- Align the research questions with IADB data request protocol:
  - 1: Add the phrase: “In relation with drug’s use”
  - 2: Check the data request protocol
  - 3: How does an individual perceive their health in relation with environmental stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic?
- In scoping review: Include the role of medicine to resilience
- Find a co-author with primary domain in neuropsychiatry or neurpsychology \(\to\) Contact dr. Khamelia
- Simplify the idea about the model

2023-07-20

Contact Prof. Mako regarding monthly or bi-monthly regular meeting \(\to\) Output: Brief MoM
Protocol draft:
- Table of population estimate: Check the box to include this data
- Title: Add in adults
- Overview of literature: Add other study on the effect of pandemic on the use of psychopharmaca \(\to\) Tell how many studies have been done, and how they were investigated
- In methods: Add comparison during the pandemic because different policy might have different impact \(\to\) Add to the exploratory question
- Clarify the research question, create a footnote to explain what a daily epoch is
- Specify what the pattern implies in the secondary question
- Specify “the past five years” as 2018-2022
- Exclude patients whose prescribed duration is less than two weeks
- Prescription table: Add variable request for the prescriber
- Rewrite he effect measures \(\to\) Clarify the point in a layman term
- In statistical methods:
  - First paragraph should be the summary of how I plan my analysis
  - Explain how to analyze the differences before and during COVID-19
  - Link each method with the research questions
  - Add references to the graph knowledge embedding
  - Clarify the aggregation on weekly, monthly, and quarterly basis (first paragraph in methods)
  - Specify what \(N\) means \(\to\) It is the total number of people making medication claim on daily basis
  - In the fourth paragraph
  - Explain how to handle patients with multiple drugs (use examples, as explained in the email)
  - Use subheadings to clarify which paragraph belongs to which ideas:
    - Executive summary (in bullet point)
    - Data management and feature engineering
    - Concurrent medication use as a matrix
    - Data analysis plan
  - Show the formula for eigenvector centrality \(\to\) Refers to the R package being used and its function
  - Explain that the node is the medication
  - Last paragraph: Refer subgroup to the “Stratification of data” section
- Stratification on age:
  - WHO/ILO: 18-25, 25-35, 35-45, 45-55, >56
  - Theory: 18-25, 25-45, 45-55, >56
- Report: Interim analysis should be discussed and reported to IADB as well
Discuss with Nynke Bosman regarding the medication and policy in the Netherlands
Ask Fang about Dutch’s guideline on MDD and anxiety disorder \(\to\) Use this as a baseline to select the medication
There’s a table describing zip code into socioeconomic status
Ask Frederick about courses for time-series analysis

2023-07-13

Complete the data request form by next week
Draft a SQL query for data request
Proposal revision:
- Choice of graph metrics \(\to\) Include this as a literature review \(\to\) Mention in subsection 4.2
- Last paragraph in 4.2 is redundant, make it more compact
- Add about the time-series analysis
- Clarify the overall purpose: Is it to evaluate seasonality (pattern) or trend?
- Add about the age range: 18-65
- In the introduction of 4.2, explain why concurrent drug use is important to evaluate
- Guideline to use when selecting the medication
Master’s course of time-series analysis in Autumn \(\to\) In mathematics and economics department:
- Mathematics: Fitting dynamical model to data
- Economics: (Needs further searching)

2023-07-06

Complete the SQL course from IADB, then submit it right away
Read the book: Going beyond cost-effectiveness by Kaying Kan
Consider doing:
- Interrupted time-series analysis
- Moving average
List all medications needed \(\to\) Will discuss it later